Your story neglects to address how carbon pricing would be implemented and what carbon would be priced. I suggest that all consumption of carbon be priced at point of sale but not with a carbon tax but with a carbon ration. Everyone would be given a carbon ration credit just like a weekly pay check. The ration credit would be transferable, you can sell your ration but you cannot buy anything with a carbon footprint without a carbon ration credit equal to footprint of the item you purchase. This would create the incentive to produce green products and green power as they would require littler or no ration credits. The poor, frugal or green would have excess carbon credits that they could save or sell. The ration would be the same for everyone and would be adjusted to meet emissions goals and the price of carbon would be determined by the market for the excess carbon credits held by those who don't use all their ration. This system would not generate any revenue that would be have to be redistributed. All the cash flow would be from the rich and wasteful to the poor, frugal and green.

Tim